Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a crucial role in the innate immune response. Although endosomal TLR7 recognizes single-stranded RNAs,…
Medicine & Health
Antiviral Innate Immunity
Viral infections are an important cause of death worldwide. In addition to established human pathogens, spillover from animal reservoirs causes emergent and re-emergent viral infections, such as the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. The innate immune system is the first barrier of defense against infection and a better understanding of this response may identify new avenues for treatment and prevention. This collection brings together research published across the PLOS journals at the interface of innate immunity and virology.
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Image Credit: Image by Masum Ali from Pixabay
PLOS
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PLOS Biology Infection-induced 5′-half molecules of tRNAHisGUG activate Toll-like receptor 7
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PLOS Biology Diagnosis of latent tuberculosis infection is associated with reduced HIV viral load and lower risk for opportunistic infections in people living with HIV
Approximately 28% of the human population have been exposed to Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB), with the overwhelming majority of…
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PLOS Pathogens Human cytomegalovirus protein UL42 antagonizes cGAS/MITA-mediated innate antiviral response
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses viral DNA in the cytosol and then catalyzes synthesis of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates…
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PLOS Pathogens Human cytomegalovirus protein UL42 antagonizes cGAS/MITA-mediated innate antiviral response
Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) senses viral DNA in the cytosol and then catalyzes synthesis of the second messenger cGAMP, which activates…
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PLOS Pathogens The 14-3-3η chaperone protein promotes antiviral innate immunity via facilitating MDA5 oligomerization and intracellular redistribution
MDA5 belongs to the RIG-I-like receptor family and plays a non-redundant role in recognizing cytoplasmic viral RNA to induce the…
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PLOS Pathogens Interplay between SARS-CoV-2 and the type I interferon response
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the current COVID-19 pandemic. An unbalanced immune…
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PLOS Pathogens The coronavirus macrodomain is required to prevent PARP-mediated inhibition of virus replication and enhancement of IFN expression
ADP-ribosylation is a ubiquitous post-translational addition of either monomers or polymers of ADP-ribose to target proteins by…
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PLOS Computational Biology Sequential infection experiments for quantifying innate and adaptive immunity during influenza infection
Laboratory models are often used to understand the interaction of related pathogens via host immunity. For example, recent experiments…
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PLOS Computational Biology The role of spatial structure in the evolution of viral innate immunity evasion: A diffusion-reaction cellular automaton model
Most viruses have evolved strategies for preventing interferon (IFN) secretion and evading innate immunity. Recent work has shown that…
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PLOS Computational Biology Exploring the impact of inoculum dose on host immunity and morbidity to inform model-based vaccine design
Vaccination is an effective method to protect against infectious diseases. An important consideration in any vaccine formulation is the…
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PLOS Genetics Duplication and divergence of the retrovirus restriction gene Fv1 in Mus caroli allows protection from multiple retroviruses
Viruses and their hosts are locked in an evolutionary race where resistance to infection is acquired by the hosts while viruses develop…
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PLOS Genetics Exome-wide association study reveals largely distinct gene sets underlying specific resistance to dengue virus types 1 and 3 in Aedes aegypti
Although specific interactions between host and pathogen genotypes have been well documented in invertebrates, the identification of host…
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PLOS Genetics Metagenomic sequencing suggests a diversity of RNA interference-like responses to viruses across multicellular eukaryotes
RNA interference (RNAi)-related pathways target viruses and transposable element (TE) transcripts in plants, fungi, and ecdysozoans…
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PLOS Biology Destabilized adaptive influenza variants critical for innate immune system escape are potentiated by host chaperones
The threat of viral pandemics demands a comprehensive understanding of evolution at the host–pathogen interface. Here, we show that the…
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PLOS Biology TRIM2, a novel member of the antiviral family, limits New World arenavirus entry
Tripartite motif (TRIM) proteins belong to a large family with many roles in host biology, including restricting virus infection. Here, we…
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PLOS Biology Extensive editing of cellular and viral double-stranded RNA structures accounts for innate immunity suppression and the proviral activity of ADAR1p150
The interferon (IFN)-mediated innate immune response is the first line of defense against viruses. However, an IFN-stimulated gene, the…
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PLOS Biology Combinatorial mutagenesis of rapidly evolving residues yields super-restrictor antiviral proteins
Antagonistic interactions drive host–virus evolutionary arms races, which often manifest as recurrent amino acid changes (i.e., positive…
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PLOS Biology In vivo antiviral host transcriptional response to SARS-CoV-2 by viral load, sex, and age
Despite limited genomic diversity, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has shown a wide range of clinical…
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PLOS ONE G10 is a direct activator of human STING
The cGAS/STING pathway initiates an innate immune response when DNA is detected in the cytosol. DNA bound cGAS synthesizes cyclic…
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PLOS ONE Herpes simplex virus type 1 inflammasome activation in proinflammatory human macrophages is dependent on NLRP3, ASC, and caspase-1
The proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are products of activation of the inflammasome, an innate sensing system, and…
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PLOS ONE Splenic macrophages are required for protective innate immunity against West Nile virus
Although the spleen is a major site for West Nile virus (WNV) replication and spread, relatively little is known about which innate cells…
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PLOS ONE Lipid droplet density alters the early innate immune response to viral infection
The cellular localisation of many innate signalling events following viral infection has yet to be elucidated, however there has been a…
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PLOS ONE HIV infection does not alter interferon α/β receptor 2 expression on mucosal immune cells
The innate immune response induced by type I interferons (IFNs) plays a critical role in the establishment of HIV infection. IFNs are…
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PLOS ONE ER intrabody-mediated inhibition of interferon α secretion by mouse macrophages and dendritic cells
Interferon α (IFNα) counteracts viral infections by activating various IFNα-stimulated genes (ISGs). These genes encode proteins that…
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PLOS ONE Mice deficient in NKLAM have attenuated inflammatory cytokine production in a Sendai virus pneumonia model
Recent studies have begun to elucidate a role for E3 ubiquitin ligases as important mediators of the innate immune response. Our previous…